diff --git a/Documentation/ProjectFile/prj/processes/process/HEAT_TRANSPORT_BHE/borehole_heat_exchangers/borehole_heat_exchanger/pipes/inlet/t_diameter.md b/Documentation/ProjectFile/prj/processes/process/HEAT_TRANSPORT_BHE/borehole_heat_exchangers/borehole_heat_exchanger/pipes/inlet/t_diameter.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8571befee150c3cbe92fc502b4785792c238dc41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ProjectFile/prj/processes/process/HEAT_TRANSPORT_BHE/borehole_heat_exchangers/borehole_heat_exchanger/pipes/inlet/t_diameter.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+The diameter of the inlet pipe.
diff --git a/Documentation/ProjectFile/prj/processes/process/HEAT_TRANSPORT_BHE/borehole_heat_exchangers/borehole_heat_exchanger/pipes/inlet/t_radius.md b/Documentation/ProjectFile/prj/processes/process/HEAT_TRANSPORT_BHE/borehole_heat_exchangers/borehole_heat_exchanger/pipes/inlet/t_radius.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 6b81a97376fca2436c175007465ef50346e8c6af..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/Documentation/ProjectFile/prj/processes/process/HEAT_TRANSPORT_BHE/borehole_heat_exchangers/borehole_heat_exchanger/pipes/inlet/t_radius.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-The radius of the inlet pipe.
diff --git a/ProcessLib/HeatTransportBHE/BHE/BHE_1U.cpp b/ProcessLib/HeatTransportBHE/BHE/BHE_1U.cpp
index 57bfd1c7a0f475d2a478921f4c40968a8d57733a..e25efcf53512bc33b16b907e568707cef5363fe6 100644
--- a/ProcessLib/HeatTransportBHE/BHE/BHE_1U.cpp
+++ b/ProcessLib/HeatTransportBHE/BHE/BHE_1U.cpp
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
#include <boost/math/constants/constants.hpp>
#include "FlowAndTemperatureControl.h"
#include "Physics.h"
+#include "ThermoMechanicalFlowProperties.h"
namespace ProcessLib
{
@@ -167,20 +168,12 @@ constexpr std::pair<int, int> BHE_1U::inflow_outflow_bc_component_ids[];
void BHE_1U::updateHeatTransferCoefficients(double const flow_rate)
{
- _flow_velocity = flow_rate / _pipes.inlet.area();
+ auto const tm_flow_properties = calculateThermoMechanicalFlowPropertiesPipe(
+ _pipes.inlet, borehole_geometry.length, refrigerant, flow_rate);
- double const Re = reynoldsNumber(std::abs(_flow_velocity),
- _pipes.inlet.diameter,
- refrigerant.dynamic_viscosity,
- refrigerant.density);
- double const Pr = prandtlNumber(refrigerant.dynamic_viscosity,
- refrigerant.specific_heat_capacity,
- refrigerant.thermal_conductivity);
-
- double const Nu =
- nusseltNumber(Re, Pr, _pipes.inlet.diameter, borehole_geometry.length);
-
- _thermal_resistances = calcThermalResistances(Nu);
+ _flow_velocity = tm_flow_properties.velocity;
+ _thermal_resistances =
+ calcThermalResistances(tm_flow_properties.nusselt_number);
}
/// Nu is the Nusselt number.
diff --git a/ProcessLib/HeatTransportBHE/BHE/BHE_1U.h b/ProcessLib/HeatTransportBHE/BHE/BHE_1U.h
index 0063864dce70d4ae2547c45321ea5f5d21ad8c8f..482fbeae0587291d9bef7b63fe309573a118d35a 100644
--- a/ProcessLib/HeatTransportBHE/BHE/BHE_1U.h
+++ b/ProcessLib/HeatTransportBHE/BHE/BHE_1U.h
@@ -140,8 +140,8 @@ private:
public:
std::array<double, number_of_unknowns> const cross_section_areas = {
- {_pipes.inlet.area(), _pipes.inlet.area(),
- borehole_geometry.area() / 2 - _pipes.outlet.area(),
+ {_pipes.inlet.area(), _pipes.outlet.area(),
+ borehole_geometry.area() / 2 - _pipes.inlet.area(),
borehole_geometry.area() / 2 - _pipes.outlet.area()}};
private:
diff --git a/ProcessLib/HeatTransportBHE/BHE/Physics.h b/ProcessLib/HeatTransportBHE/BHE/Physics.h
index 446543da84e625198a131991709079b91cb00d3a..8f5295e7fe94644ba734eba7b5e7b80cae4cb9a3 100644
--- a/ProcessLib/HeatTransportBHE/BHE/Physics.h
+++ b/ProcessLib/HeatTransportBHE/BHE/Physics.h
@@ -59,6 +59,43 @@ inline double nusseltNumber(double const reynolds_number,
(std::pow(prandtl_number, 2.0 / 3.0) - 1.0)) *
(1.0 + std::pow(pipe_diameter / pipe_length, 2.0 / 3.0));
}
+
+// Pipe aspect ratio is the pipe's diameter equivalent over pipe's length.
+inline double nusseltNumberAnnulus(double const reynolds_number,
+ double const prandtl_number,
+ double const diameter_ratio,
+ double const pipe_aspect_ratio)
+{
+ if (reynolds_number < 2300.0)
+ {
+ return 3.66 + (4.0 - 0.102 / (diameter_ratio + 0.02)) *
+ std::pow(diameter_ratio, 0.04);
+ }
+ if (reynolds_number < 10000.0)
+ {
+ double const gamma = (reynolds_number - 2300) / (10000 - 2300);
+
+ return (1.0 - gamma) *
+ (3.66 + (4.0 - 0.102 / (diameter_ratio + 0.02))) *
+ std::pow(diameter_ratio, 0.04) +
+ gamma *
+ ((0.0308 / 8.0 * 1.0e4 * prandtl_number) /
+ (1.0 + 12.7 * std::sqrt(0.0308 / 8.0) *
+ (std::pow(prandtl_number, 2.0 / 3.0) - 1.0)) *
+ (1.0 + std::pow(pipe_aspect_ratio, 2.0 / 3.0)) *
+ ((0.86 * std::pow(diameter_ratio, 0.84) + 1.0 -
+ 0.14 * std::pow(diameter_ratio, 0.6)) /
+ (1.0 + diameter_ratio)));
+ }
+ double const xi = std::pow(1.8 * std::log10(reynolds_number) - 1.5, -2.0);
+ return (xi / 8.0 * reynolds_number * prandtl_number) /
+ (1.0 + 12.7 * std::sqrt(xi / 8.0) *
+ (std::pow(prandtl_number, 2.0 / 3.0) - 1.0)) *
+ (1.0 + std::pow(pipe_aspect_ratio, 2.0 / 3.0)) *
+ ((0.86 * std::pow(diameter_ratio, 0.84) + 1.0 -
+ 0.14 * std::pow(diameter_ratio, 0.6)) /
+ (1.0 + diameter_ratio));
+}
} // end of namespace BHE
} // end of namespace HeatTransportBHE
} // end of namespace ProcessLib
diff --git a/ProcessLib/HeatTransportBHE/BHE/Pipe.cpp b/ProcessLib/HeatTransportBHE/BHE/Pipe.cpp
index 11986ed325805fc17d74634492a5f9daf5bd0da5..15ff7e87645f5771535e81b4ed566091b83a412b 100644
--- a/ProcessLib/HeatTransportBHE/BHE/Pipe.cpp
+++ b/ProcessLib/HeatTransportBHE/BHE/Pipe.cpp
@@ -20,15 +20,15 @@ namespace BHE
{
Pipe createPipe(BaseLib::ConfigTree const& config)
{
- //! \ogs_file_param{prj__processes__process__HEAT_TRANSPORT_BHE__borehole_heat_exchangers__borehole_heat_exchanger__pipes__inlet__radius}
- const double radius = config.getConfigParameter<double>("radius");
+ //! \ogs_file_param{prj__processes__process__HEAT_TRANSPORT_BHE__borehole_heat_exchangers__borehole_heat_exchanger__pipes__inlet__diameter}
+ const double diameter = config.getConfigParameter<double>("diameter");
const double wall_thickness =
//! \ogs_file_param{prj__processes__process__HEAT_TRANSPORT_BHE__borehole_heat_exchangers__borehole_heat_exchanger__pipes__inlet__wall_thickness}
config.getConfigParameter<double>("wall_thickness");
const double wall_thermal_conductivity =
//! \ogs_file_param{prj__processes__process__HEAT_TRANSPORT_BHE__borehole_heat_exchangers__borehole_heat_exchanger__pipes__inlet__wall_thermal_conductivity}
config.getConfigParameter<double>("wall_thermal_conductivity");
- return {radius, wall_thickness, wall_thermal_conductivity};
+ return {diameter, wall_thickness, wall_thermal_conductivity};
}
} // namespace BHE
} // namespace HeatTransportBHE
diff --git a/ProcessLib/HeatTransportBHE/BHE/Pipe.h b/ProcessLib/HeatTransportBHE/BHE/Pipe.h
index 1eed3b501879818ac38405940ab68b375882c287..c35306fc18605a13301f10d8a29033242ecd296b 100644
--- a/ProcessLib/HeatTransportBHE/BHE/Pipe.h
+++ b/ProcessLib/HeatTransportBHE/BHE/Pipe.h
@@ -29,11 +29,20 @@ struct Pipe
double const wall_thickness;
double const wall_thermal_conductivity;
+ /// Area of the pipe's inside without the wall.
double area() const
{
constexpr double pi = boost::math::constants::pi<double>();
return pi * diameter * diameter / 4;
}
+
+ /// Area of the pipe's outside including the wall thickness.
+ double outsideArea() const
+ {
+ constexpr double pi = boost::math::constants::pi<double>();
+ double const d = diameter + 2 * wall_thickness;
+ return pi * d * d / 4;
+ }
};
Pipe createPipe(BaseLib::ConfigTree const& config);
diff --git a/ProcessLib/HeatTransportBHE/BHE/ThermoMechanicalFlowProperties.h b/ProcessLib/HeatTransportBHE/BHE/ThermoMechanicalFlowProperties.h
index 1d2b2e0128e8a144a3cd0525955a1a764c82013b..043363a0fd53577be264a418a74cedaf5aff00b0 100644
--- a/ProcessLib/HeatTransportBHE/BHE/ThermoMechanicalFlowProperties.h
+++ b/ProcessLib/HeatTransportBHE/BHE/ThermoMechanicalFlowProperties.h
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
#pragma once
#include "Physics.h"
-#include "PipeParameters.h"
+#include "Pipe.h"
#include "RefrigerantProperties.h"
namespace ProcessLib
@@ -28,40 +28,46 @@ struct ThermoMechanicalFlowProperties
};
inline ThermoMechanicalFlowProperties
-calculateThermoMechanicalFlowPropertiesPipe(PipeParameters const& pipe,
+calculateThermoMechanicalFlowPropertiesPipe(Pipe const& pipe,
double const length,
RefrigerantProperties const& fluid,
double const flow_rate)
{
double const Pr =
- prandtlNumber(fluid.mu_r, fluid.specific_heat_capacity, fluid.lambda_r);
+ prandtlNumber(fluid.dynamic_viscosity, fluid.specific_heat_capacity,
+ fluid.thermal_conductivity);
- double const velocity = pipeFlowVelocity(flow_rate, pipe.r_inner);
- double const Re =
- reynoldsNumber(velocity, 2.0 * pipe.r_inner, fluid.mu_r, fluid.density);
- double const nusselt_number =
- nusseltNumber(Re, Pr, 2 * pipe.r_inner, length);
+ double const velocity = flow_rate / pipe.area();
+ double const Re = reynoldsNumber(velocity, pipe.diameter,
+ fluid.dynamic_viscosity, fluid.density);
+ double const nusselt_number = nusseltNumber(Re, Pr, pipe.diameter, length);
return {velocity, nusselt_number};
}
inline ThermoMechanicalFlowProperties
calculateThermoMechanicalFlowPropertiesAnnulus(
- PipeParameters const& pipe, double const length,
+ Pipe const& inner_pipe, Pipe const& outer_pipe, double const length,
RefrigerantProperties const& fluid, double const flow_rate)
{
double const Pr =
- prandtlNumber(fluid.mu_r, fluid.specific_heat_capacity, fluid.lambda_r);
+ prandtlNumber(fluid.dynamic_viscosity, fluid.specific_heat_capacity,
+ fluid.thermal_conductivity);
+
+ double const inner_pipe_outside_diameter =
+ inner_pipe.diameter + 2. * inner_pipe.wall_thickness;
+ // Velocity between the outer pipe and inner pipe.
double const velocity =
- annulusFlowVelocity(flow_rate, pipe.r_outer, pipe.r_inner + pipe.b_in);
+ flow_rate / (outer_pipe.area() - inner_pipe.outsideArea());
double const Re = reynoldsNumber(
- velocity, 2.0 * (pipe.r_outer - (pipe.r_inner + pipe.b_in)), fluid.mu_r,
- fluid.density);
+ velocity, outer_pipe.diameter - inner_pipe_outside_diameter,
+ fluid.dynamic_viscosity, fluid.density);
- double const diameter_ratio = (pipe.r_inner + pipe.b_in) / pipe.r_outer;
+ double const diameter_ratio =
+ inner_pipe_outside_diameter / outer_pipe.diameter;
double const pipe_aspect_ratio =
- (2 * pipe.r_outer - 2 * (pipe.r_inner + pipe.b_in)) / length;
+ (outer_pipe.diameter - inner_pipe_outside_diameter) / length;
double const nusselt_number =
nusseltNumberAnnulus(Re, Pr, diameter_ratio, pipe_aspect_ratio);
return {velocity, nusselt_number};
diff --git a/Tests/Data/Parabolic/T/3D_Beier_sandbox/beier_sandbox.prj b/Tests/Data/Parabolic/T/3D_Beier_sandbox/beier_sandbox.prj
index 6c9750cfe94b23d331bb7a762a32ec244c9464b1..5899994915f62556fd96993df1ccf8d5c41c2055 100644
--- a/Tests/Data/Parabolic/T/3D_Beier_sandbox/beier_sandbox.prj
+++ b/Tests/Data/Parabolic/T/3D_Beier_sandbox/beier_sandbox.prj
@@ -45,12 +45,12 @@
</grout>
<pipes>
<inlet>
- <radius> 0.013665</radius>
+ <diameter> 0.013665</diameter>
<wall_thickness>0.003035</wall_thickness>
<wall_thermal_conductivity>0.39</wall_thermal_conductivity>
</inlet>
<outlet>
- <radius>0.013665</radius>
+ <diameter>0.013665</diameter>
<wall_thickness>0.003035</wall_thickness>
<wall_thermal_conductivity>0.39</wall_thermal_conductivity>
</outlet>
diff --git a/Tests/Data/Parabolic/T/3D_Beier_sandbox/fixed_power_constant_flow.prj b/Tests/Data/Parabolic/T/3D_Beier_sandbox/fixed_power_constant_flow.prj
index cc45512ed0537089c4f9bafae0bd0916d69606d2..cf26ce7ea2a851807703df0eb0248e339f5a3fb7 100644
--- a/Tests/Data/Parabolic/T/3D_Beier_sandbox/fixed_power_constant_flow.prj
+++ b/Tests/Data/Parabolic/T/3D_Beier_sandbox/fixed_power_constant_flow.prj
@@ -45,12 +45,12 @@
</grout>
<pipes>
<inlet>
- <radius> 0.013665</radius>
+ <diameter> 0.013665</diameter>
<wall_thickness>0.003035</wall_thickness>
<wall_thermal_conductivity>0.39</wall_thermal_conductivity>
</inlet>
<outlet>
- <radius>0.013665</radius>
+ <diameter>0.013665</diameter>
<wall_thickness>0.003035</wall_thickness>
<wall_thermal_conductivity>0.39</wall_thermal_conductivity>
</outlet>