diff --git a/web/content/docs/benchmarks/creep-after-excavation-bgra/CreepAfterExcavation.md b/web/content/docs/benchmarks/creep-after-excavation-bgra/CreepAfterExcavation.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5b72eacec498bccc4c3811ffccd308a415118ca6 --- /dev/null +++ b/web/content/docs/benchmarks/creep-after-excavation-bgra/CreepAfterExcavation.md @@ -0,0 +1,127 @@ ++++ +date = "2018-08-10T11:46:45+01:00" +title = "Creep in a rectangle domain with hole under pressure on its top surface" +weight = 171 +project = "ThermoMechanics/CreepBGRa/CreepAfterExcavation/CreepAfterExcavation.prj" +author = "Wenqing Wang" + +[menu] + [menu.benchmarks] + parent = "thermo-mechanics" + ++++ + +{{< data-link >}} + +------------------------------------------------------------------------- +Following up the benchmark about the BGRa creep model described on the +[this page](https://www.opengeosys.org/docs/benchmarks/creepbgra/creepbrga/), +this example represents the creep in the near field of +drift in the deep rock salt after excavation. The domain and the +geometry are shown in the following figure: +<figure> + <img src="../mesh.png" alt="Mesh and Geometry" id="fig_6" + style="height:400px;width:490px;"> + <figcaption>Mesh and Geometry.</figcaption> +</figure> + +The domain has two material groups, which are highlighted by different +colors. The material group that is in the +top part of the domain represents a cap rock type, while the other +material group is for rock salt. The material properties of the rocks are given in the following table: + +---------------------- ---------- ----------- ------------ +| |Cap rock | Rock salt| Unit| +| --- |:---------:| -----:|----:| +|Density | 2000 | 2170 | kg/m$^{3}$| +|Young’s Modulus | 7.0 | 7.65 | GPa | +|Poisson ratio | 0.3 | 2.7 | - | +|Thermal conductivity | 5 | 5 | W/(mK) | +---------------------- ---------- ----------- ------------ + +The parameters of the BGRa creep model are $A=0.18\, \mbox{d}^{-1}$, +$m=5$, $Q=54 \mbox{ kJ/mol}$. + + +The width +and the height of of the domain are 300 m and 340 m, respectively. The +height of the cap rock portion is 40 m. The drift to be excavated has a +radius of 50 m. + +Here we consider the creep of the rock after excavation. Therefore, we +assume a steady state of stress and temperature of excavation at the +beginning of the current simulation. For this assumption, the boundary +conditions are given as: + +- top boundary: $\tau_x = \sigma_x=0$, $\tau_y=\sigma_y=70$ MPa, + $T=310$ K. + +- two lateral boundaries: normal displacement is fixed, and no heat + flux. + +- bottom boundary: normal displacement is fixed, and $T=320$ K. + +- circle of drift surface: traction free + (${ \mathbf\sigma}\cdot \mathbf n = 0$), and $T=300$ K as excavation + conditions. + +The boundary conditions of the mechanical process lead to a distinct +stress field after excavation. Besides, heat capacity is neglected in +order to pose a steady state temperature field after excavation. The +initial stresses are zero and the initial temperature is linearly +distributed from top to bottom with the boundary values of temperature. + +The time step sizes of the simulation are: One step of 0.001 day, 10 steps of 0.1 day, and the +remaining steps of 1 day. + +The following three figures are plotted by using the results of the simulation of 1000 days creep. +The three figures display the distribution of horizontal and vertical stresses at times of +108 days, 409 days and 1000 days, respectively. + +In theses three figures, +the left sub-figure show the time variations of horizontal and vertical stresses + at a position just close to the top of the drift, and the +green vertical line in it marks the time of the displayed stress field. + +<figure> + <img src="../stress_xx_yy_20.png" alt="Stress distribution at the time of 109 days." id="fig_2"> + <figcaption>Stress distribution at the time of 109 days.</figcaption> +</figure> + +<figure> + <img src="../stress_xx_yy_50.png" alt="Stress distribution at the time of 409 days." id="fig_3"> + <figcaption>Stress distribution at the time of 409 days.</figcaption> +</figure> + +<figure> + <img src="../stress_xx_yy_110.png" alt="Stress distribution at the time of 1000 days." id="fig_4"> + <figcaption>Stress distribution at the time of 1000 days.</figcaption> +</figure> + + +The above three figures show that the absolute value of the horizontal stress increase +signification in the areas above and beneath the drift due to the creep, +and the change of the vertical stress is slow compared to that of the +horizontal stress. + +The following figure shows the strain distribution at the +end of the simulation time at 1000 days. +<figure> + <img src="../strain.png" alt="Strain distribution at the time of 1000 days." id="fig_5"> + <figcaption>Strain distribution at the time of 1000 days.</figcaption> +</figure> + + +The steady-state temperature distribution is displayed in the following figure +<figure> + <img src="../T.png" alt="Temperature distribution at the time of 1000 days." id="fig_6"> + <figcaption>Temperature distribution at the time of 1000 days.</figcaption> +</figure> + +## Note: +For the automatic benchmarking, the time duration of creep is reduced to 50 days in order to reduce the run time. + If one wants to test this benchmark for 1000 days' creep, please change the end time in the tag of `<t_end> ` +in the project file as + ``` +<t_end>1000</t_end> +``` \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/web/content/docs/benchmarks/creep-after-excavation-bgra/T.png b/web/content/docs/benchmarks/creep-after-excavation-bgra/T.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3ad5f8b981098fb74e5dfda508f009763501d546 --- /dev/null +++ b/web/content/docs/benchmarks/creep-after-excavation-bgra/T.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a360404be4d5764b85c0bead5ba92d92faaa9542a12957f72d9d706b4b4e39c6 +size 384898 diff --git 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