diff --git a/MaterialLib/MPL/PropertyType.h b/MaterialLib/MPL/PropertyType.h
index 98e1d52fc1907d9700e9269c25047cad19589b0a..b975b8fc0dbbfe7367624f780b20ef875c5916b9 100644
--- a/MaterialLib/MPL/PropertyType.h
+++ b/MaterialLib/MPL/PropertyType.h
@@ -77,6 +77,8 @@ enum PropertyType : int
/// specify retardation factor used in component transport process.
retardation_factor,
saturation,
+ /// capillary pressure saturation relationship for microstructure.
+ saturation_micro,
specific_heat_capacity,
storage,
swelling_stress_rate,
@@ -257,6 +259,10 @@ inline PropertyType convertStringToProperty(std::string const& inString)
{
return PropertyType::saturation;
}
+ if (boost::iequals(inString, "saturation_micro"))
+ {
+ return PropertyType::saturation_micro;
+ }
if (boost::iequals(inString, "specific_heat_capacity"))
{
return PropertyType::specific_heat_capacity;
@@ -358,6 +364,7 @@ static const std::array<std::string, PropertyType::number_of_properties>
"residual_liquid_saturation",
"retardation_factor",
"saturation",
+ "saturation_micro",
"specific_heat_capacity",
"storage",
"swelling_stress_rate",
diff --git a/ProcessLib/RichardsMechanics/ComputeMicroPorosity.h b/ProcessLib/RichardsMechanics/ComputeMicroPorosity.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c62d9f10dc7e4f896af0862d3f28a4892be1be28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ProcessLib/RichardsMechanics/ComputeMicroPorosity.h
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+/**
+ * \file
+ * \copyright
+ * Copyright (c) 2012-2021, OpenGeoSys Community (http://www.opengeosys.org)
+ * Distributed under a Modified BSD License.
+ * See accompanying file LICENSE.txt or
+ * http://www.opengeosys.org/project/license
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <ostream>
+
+#include "MaterialLib/MPL/Medium.h"
+#include "MaterialLib/MPL/Utils/FormEigenTensor.h"
+#include "MathLib/KelvinVector.h"
+#include "NumLib/NewtonRaphson.h"
+
+namespace ProcessLib::RichardsMechanics
+{
+template <int DisplacementDim>
+struct MicroPorosityStateSpace
+{
+ double phi_m;
+ double e_sw;
+ double p_L_m;
+ MathLib::KelvinVector::KelvinVectorType<DisplacementDim> sigma_sw;
+
+ MicroPorosityStateSpace& operator += (MicroPorosityStateSpace const& state)
+ {
+ phi_m += state.phi_m;
+ e_sw += state.e_sw;
+ p_L_m += state.p_L_m;
+ sigma_sw += state.sigma_sw;
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ EIGEN_MAKE_ALIGNED_OPERATOR_NEW;
+};
+
+template <int DisplacementDim>
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os,
+ MicroPorosityStateSpace<DisplacementDim> const& state)
+{
+ return os << "phi_m: " << state.phi_m << ", "
+ << "e_sw: " << state.e_sw << ", "
+ << "p_L_m: " << state.p_L_m << ", "
+ << "sigma_sw: " << state.sigma_sw.transpose();
+}
+
+template <int DisplacementDim>
+MicroPorosityStateSpace<DisplacementDim> computeMicroPorosity(
+ MathLib::KelvinVector::KelvinVectorType<DisplacementDim> const&
+ I_2_C_el_inverse,
+ double const rho_LR_m, // for simplification equal to rho_LR_M
+ double const mu_LR, double const alpha_bar, double const alpha_B,
+ double const phi_M, double const p_L, double const p_L_m_prev,
+ MaterialPropertyLib::VariableArray const& /*variables_prev*/,
+ double const S_L_m_prev, double const phi_m_prev,
+ ParameterLib::SpatialPosition const pos, double const t, double const dt,
+ MaterialPropertyLib::Property const& saturation_micro,
+ MaterialPropertyLib::Property const& swelling_stress_rate,
+ NumLib::NewtonRaphsonSolverParameters const& nonlinear_solver_parameters)
+
+{
+ namespace MPL = MaterialPropertyLib;
+ static constexpr int kelvin_vector_size =
+ MathLib::KelvinVector::KelvinVectorDimensions<DisplacementDim>::value;
+ // phi_m, e_sw, p_L_m, sigma_sw
+ static constexpr int nls_size = 1 + 1 + 1 + kelvin_vector_size;
+
+ static constexpr int i_phi_m = 0;
+ static constexpr int i_e_sw = 1;
+ static constexpr int i_p_L_m = 2;
+ static constexpr int i_sigma_sw = 3;
+
+ using ResidualVectorType = Eigen::Matrix<double, nls_size, 1>;
+ using JacobianMatrix =
+ Eigen::Matrix<double, nls_size, nls_size, Eigen::RowMajor>;
+
+ Eigen::FullPivLU<Eigen::Matrix<double, nls_size, nls_size, Eigen::RowMajor>>
+ linear_solver;
+
+ JacobianMatrix jacobian;
+
+ // Agglomerated solution vector construction.
+ ResidualVectorType solution = ResidualVectorType::Zero();
+
+ if (p_L >= 0 && p_L_m_prev >= 0)
+ {
+ return {solution[i_phi_m], solution[i_e_sw], solution[i_p_L_m],
+ solution.template segment<kelvin_vector_size>(i_sigma_sw)};
+ }
+
+ auto const update_residual = [&](ResidualVectorType& residual) {
+ double const delta_phi_m = solution[i_phi_m];
+ double const delta_e_sw = solution[i_e_sw];
+ auto const& delta_sigma_sw =
+ solution.template segment<kelvin_vector_size>(i_sigma_sw);
+ double const delta_p_L_m = solution[i_p_L_m];
+
+ double const phi_m = phi_m_prev + delta_phi_m;
+ double const p_L_m = p_L_m_prev + delta_p_L_m;
+ MPL::VariableArray variables_prev;
+ variables_prev[static_cast<int>(MPL::Variable::capillary_pressure)] =
+ -p_L_m_prev;
+ variables_prev[static_cast<int>(MPL::Variable::liquid_saturation)] =
+ S_L_m_prev;
+
+ MPL::VariableArray variables;
+ variables[static_cast<int>(MPL::Variable::capillary_pressure)] = -p_L_m;
+
+ double const S_L_m =
+ saturation_micro.template value<double>(variables, pos, t, dt);
+ variables[static_cast<int>(MPL::Variable::liquid_saturation)] = S_L_m;
+ double const delta_S_L_m = S_L_m - S_L_m_prev;
+
+
+ auto const sigma_sw_dot =
+ MathLib::KelvinVector::tensorToKelvin<DisplacementDim>(
+ swelling_stress_rate.template value<Eigen::Matrix3d>(
+ variables, variables_prev, pos, t, dt));
+
+ residual[i_phi_m] = delta_phi_m - (alpha_B - phi_M) * delta_e_sw;
+ residual[i_e_sw] = delta_e_sw + I_2_C_el_inverse.dot(delta_sigma_sw);
+ residual.template segment<kelvin_vector_size>(i_sigma_sw).noalias() =
+ delta_sigma_sw - sigma_sw_dot * dt;
+
+ residual[i_p_L_m] =
+ rho_LR_m *
+ (phi_m * delta_S_L_m - (alpha_B - phi_M) * S_L_m * delta_e_sw) +
+ phi_m * S_L_m * rho_LR_m * delta_e_sw -
+ alpha_bar / mu_LR * (p_L - p_L_m) * dt;
+ };
+
+ auto const update_jacobian = [&](JacobianMatrix& jacobian) {
+ jacobian = JacobianMatrix::Identity();
+
+ double const delta_phi_m = solution[i_phi_m];
+ double const delta_e_sw = solution[i_e_sw];
+ double const delta_p_L_m = solution[i_p_L_m];
+
+ double const phi_m = phi_m_prev + delta_phi_m;
+ double const p_L_m = p_L_m_prev + delta_p_L_m;
+ MPL::VariableArray variables_prev;
+ variables_prev[static_cast<int>(MPL::Variable::capillary_pressure)] =
+ -p_L_m_prev;
+ MPL::VariableArray variables;
+ variables[static_cast<int>(MPL::Variable::capillary_pressure)] = -p_L_m;
+
+ double const S_L_m =
+ saturation_micro.template value<double>(variables, pos, t, dt);
+ variables_prev[static_cast<int>(MPL::Variable::liquid_saturation)] =
+ S_L_m_prev;
+ variables[static_cast<int>(MPL::Variable::liquid_saturation)] = S_L_m;
+ double const delta_S_L_m = S_L_m - S_L_m_prev;
+
+ double const dS_L_m_dp_cap_m = saturation_micro.template dValue<double>(
+ variables, MPL::Variable::capillary_pressure, pos, t, dt);
+ auto const dsigma_sw_dS_L_m =
+ MathLib::KelvinVector::tensorToKelvin<DisplacementDim>(
+ swelling_stress_rate.template dValue<Eigen::Matrix3d>(
+ variables, variables_prev, MPL::Variable::liquid_saturation,
+ pos, t, dt));
+
+ jacobian(i_phi_m, i_e_sw) = -(alpha_B - phi_M);
+
+ jacobian.template block<1, kelvin_vector_size>(i_e_sw, i_sigma_sw) =
+ I_2_C_el_inverse.transpose();
+
+ jacobian.template block<kelvin_vector_size, 1>(
+ i_sigma_sw, i_p_L_m) = -dsigma_sw_dS_L_m * dS_L_m_dp_cap_m;
+
+
+ jacobian(i_p_L_m, i_phi_m) =
+ rho_LR_m * (delta_S_L_m + phi_m * delta_e_sw);
+
+ jacobian(i_p_L_m, i_e_sw) = -rho_LR_m * S_L_m * (alpha_B - phi_M - phi_m);
+
+ jacobian(i_p_L_m, i_p_L_m) =
+ alpha_bar / mu_LR * dt -
+ rho_LR_m * (phi_m - (alpha_B - phi_M - phi_m) * delta_e_sw) *
+ dS_L_m_dp_cap_m;
+ };
+
+ auto const update_solution = [&](ResidualVectorType const& increment) {
+ solution += increment;
+ };
+
+ auto newton_solver =
+ NumLib::NewtonRaphson<decltype(linear_solver), JacobianMatrix,
+ decltype(update_jacobian), ResidualVectorType,
+ decltype(update_residual),
+ decltype(update_solution)>(
+ linear_solver, update_jacobian, update_residual, update_solution,
+ nonlinear_solver_parameters);
+
+ auto const success_iterations = newton_solver.solve(jacobian);
+
+ if (!success_iterations)
+ {
+ OGS_FATAL(
+ "Could not find solution for local double structure nonlinear "
+ "problem.");
+ }
+
+ return {solution[i_phi_m], solution[i_e_sw], solution[i_p_L_m],
+ solution.template segment<kelvin_vector_size>(i_sigma_sw)};
+}
+} // namespace ProcessLib::RichardsMechanics
diff --git a/Tests/CMakeLists.txt b/Tests/CMakeLists.txt
index 9348e24e705fc9bb1f952a6a5adf4fe9f329be4e..23f0e8f55266f29d961bbcea54714c3bae32888b 100644
--- a/Tests/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/Tests/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -43,6 +43,9 @@ endif()
if(OGS_BUILD_PROCESS_LIE)
append_source_files(TEST_SOURCES ProcessLib/LIE)
endif()
+if(OGS_BUILD_PROCESS_RichardsMechanics)
+ append_source_files(TEST_SOURCES ProcessLib/RichardsMechanics)
+endif()
if(OGS_USE_PETSC)
list(REMOVE_ITEM TEST_SOURCES NumLib/TestSerialLinearSolver.cpp)
diff --git a/Tests/ProcessLib/RichardsMechanics/MicroporosityComputation.cpp b/Tests/ProcessLib/RichardsMechanics/MicroporosityComputation.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..611e21b08c55e65878288bb27e19e66ba2e183d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tests/ProcessLib/RichardsMechanics/MicroporosityComputation.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+/**
+ * \copyright
+ * Copyright (c) 2012-2021, OpenGeoSys Community (http://www.opengeosys.org)
+ * Distributed under a Modified BSD License.
+ * See accompanying file LICENSE.txt or
+ * http://www.opengeosys.org/project/license
+ */
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <Eigen/Eigen>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "MaterialLib/MPL/Properties/CapillaryPressureSaturation/SaturationVanGenuchten.h"
+#include "MaterialLib/MPL/Properties/SaturationDependentSwelling.h"
+#include "MaterialLib/MPL/Property.h"
+#include "MaterialLib/SolidModels/LinearElasticIsotropic.h"
+#include "MaterialLib/SolidModels/MechanicsBase.h"
+#include "MathLib/InterpolationAlgorithms/PiecewiseLinearInterpolation.h"
+#include "ParameterLib/ConstantParameter.h"
+#include "ProcessLib/RichardsMechanics/ComputeMicroPorosity.h"
+
+using namespace ProcessLib::RichardsMechanics;
+namespace MPL = MaterialPropertyLib;
+
+namespace
+{
+template <int DisplacementDim>
+MathLib::KelvinVector::KelvinMatrixType<DisplacementDim>
+computeElasticTangentStiffness(
+ MaterialLib::Solids::MechanicsBase<DisplacementDim> const& solid_material,
+ double const t, ParameterLib::SpatialPosition const& x_position,
+ double const dt, double const temperature)
+{
+ MPL::VariableArray variable_array;
+ MPL::VariableArray variable_array_prev;
+
+ auto const null_state = solid_material.createMaterialStateVariables();
+
+ using KV = MathLib::KelvinVector::KelvinVectorType<DisplacementDim>;
+
+ variable_array[static_cast<int>(MPL::Variable::stress)].emplace<KV>(
+ KV::Zero());
+ variable_array[static_cast<int>(MPL::Variable::mechanical_strain)]
+ .emplace<KV>(KV::Zero());
+ variable_array[static_cast<int>(MPL::Variable::temperature)]
+ .emplace<double>(temperature);
+
+ variable_array_prev[static_cast<int>(MPL::Variable::stress)].emplace<KV>(
+ KV::Zero());
+ variable_array_prev[static_cast<int>(MPL::Variable::mechanical_strain)]
+ .emplace<KV>(KV::Zero());
+ variable_array_prev[static_cast<int>(MPL::Variable::temperature)]
+ .emplace<double>(temperature);
+
+ auto&& solution = solid_material.integrateStress(
+ variable_array_prev, variable_array, t, x_position, dt, *null_state);
+
+ if (!solution)
+ {
+ OGS_FATAL("Computation of elastic tangent stiffness failed.");
+ }
+
+ MathLib::KelvinVector::KelvinMatrixType<DisplacementDim> C =
+ std::move(std::get<2>(*solution));
+
+ return C;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+TEST(RichardsMechanics, computeMicroPorosity)
+{
+ static constexpr auto eps = 2e-14;
+ constexpr int DisplacementDim = 2;
+
+ static const NumLib::NewtonRaphsonSolverParameters
+ nonlinear_solver_parameters{1000, 1e-8, 1e-15};
+
+ //
+ // Create properties.
+ //
+
+ // Saturation
+ constexpr double residual_liquid_saturation = 0;
+ constexpr double residual_gas_saturation = 0;
+ constexpr double exponent = 0.4;
+ constexpr double p_b = 300e6;
+ MPL::Property const& saturation_micro = MPL::SaturationVanGenuchten{
+ "saturation_micro", residual_liquid_saturation, residual_gas_saturation,
+ exponent, p_b};
+
+ // Swelling
+ constexpr std::array swelling_pressures{1e7, 1e7, 1e7};
+ constexpr std::array swelling_exponents{1.2, 1.2, 1.2};
+ constexpr double lower_saturation_limit = 0;
+ constexpr double upper_saturation_limit = 1;
+ MPL::Property const& swelling_stress_rate =
+ MPL::SaturationDependentSwelling{
+ "swelling_stress_rate", swelling_pressures, swelling_exponents,
+ lower_saturation_limit, upper_saturation_limit, nullptr};
+
+ // LinearElastic
+ ParameterLib::ConstantParameter<double> E{"YoungsModulus", 150e6};
+ ParameterLib::ConstantParameter<double> nu{"PoissonsRatio", 0.25};
+ auto const solid_material =
+ MaterialLib::Solids::LinearElasticIsotropic<DisplacementDim>{{E, nu}};
+
+ //
+ // Populate constants
+ //
+ ParameterLib::SpatialPosition const pos;
+ constexpr double t0 = 0;
+ constexpr double t_max = 200e3;
+ double const dt = 100;
+ double const T = 293.15;
+
+ auto const& identity2 = MathLib::KelvinVector::Invariants<
+ MathLib::KelvinVector::KelvinVectorDimensions<DisplacementDim>::value>::
+ identity2;
+ auto const C_el =
+ computeElasticTangentStiffness(solid_material, t0, pos, dt, T);
+ MathLib::KelvinVector::KelvinVectorType<DisplacementDim> const&
+ I_2_C_el_inverse = identity2.transpose() * C_el.inverse();
+ double const rho_LR_m = 1e3;
+ double const mu_LR = 1e-3;
+ double const alpha_bar = 1e-14;
+ double const alpha_B = 1;
+ double const phi_M = 0.45;
+
+ auto saturation = [&](double const p_L) {
+ MPL::VariableArray v;
+ v[static_cast<int>(MPL::Variable::capillary_pressure)] = -p_L;
+ return saturation_micro.template value<double>(v, pos, t0, dt);
+ };
+
+ //
+ // Drive the computation by macro pressure. Saturation, steady, and
+ // desaturation.
+ //
+
+ // The time coordinates are simultaneously also the test points.
+ std::vector const t_coords{
+ // saturation is quick to rich maximum,
+ 0 * t_max, 0.05 * t_max, 0.2 * t_max, 0.3 * t_max,
+ // desaturation takes much longer.
+ 0.35 * t_max, 0.5 * t_max, t_max};
+ std::vector const pressure_M_values{// saturation
+ -200e6, -200e6, 0., 0.,
+ // desaturation
+ 0., -200e6, -200e6};
+ MathLib::PiecewiseLinearInterpolation const pressure_M{t_coords,
+ pressure_M_values};
+
+ //
+ // Initial state
+ //
+
+ MicroPorosityStateSpace<DisplacementDim> state_prev = {
+ 0.45 - 0.25, // phi_m
+ 0, // e_sw
+ -200e6, // p_L_m
+ {0, 0, 0, 0} // sigma_sw
+ };
+
+ auto state = state_prev;
+
+ std::vector<MicroPorosityStateSpace<DisplacementDim>> results;
+ for (double t = t0 + dt; t <= t_max; t += dt)
+ {
+ double const p_L = pressure_M.getValue(t);
+ double const S_L_m_prev = saturation(state_prev.p_L_m);
+ //auto const [delta_phi_m, delta_e_sw, delta_sigma_sw, delta_p_L_m] =
+ auto const state_increment = computeMicroPorosity<DisplacementDim>(
+ I_2_C_el_inverse,
+ rho_LR_m, // for simplification equal to rho_LR_M
+ mu_LR, alpha_bar, alpha_B, phi_M, p_L, state_prev.p_L_m,
+ MaterialPropertyLib::VariableArray{}, S_L_m_prev, state_prev.phi_m,
+ pos, t, dt, saturation_micro, swelling_stress_rate,
+ nonlinear_solver_parameters);
+
+ // push back state
+ state_prev = state;
+
+ // update
+ state += state_increment;
+
+ if (std::find_if(begin(t_coords), end(t_coords), [&](auto const value) {
+ return std::abs(t - value) < eps;
+ }) != end(t_coords))
+ {
+ results.push_back(state);
+ /* Keep for possible result updates
+ std::cout << std::setprecision(17)
+ << "MicroPorosityStateSpace<DisplacementDim>{ "
+ << state.phi_m << ", " << state.e_sw << ", "
+ << state.p_L_m << ", {" << state.sigma_sw[0] << ", "
+ << state.sigma_sw[1] << ", " << state.sigma_sw[2] << ", "
+ << state.sigma_sw[3] << " }}\n";
+ */
+ }
+ }
+
+ //
+ // Expected results
+ //
+ std::vector expected_results = {
+ MicroPorosityStateSpace<DisplacementDim>{
+ 0.20000000000000001, 0, -200000000, {0, 0, 0, 0}},
+ MicroPorosityStateSpace<DisplacementDim>{
+ 0.20678794335787565,
+ 0.012341715196137344,
+ -87023875.75987792,
+ {-1234171.5196137347, -1234171.5196137347, -1234171.5196137347, 0}},
+ MicroPorosityStateSpace<DisplacementDim>{
+ 0.20984996711734061,
+ 0.017909031122437243,
+ -4693546.2948520193,
+ {-1790903.1122437208, -1790903.1122437208, -1790903.1122437208, 0}},
+ MicroPorosityStateSpace<DisplacementDim>{
+ 0.20987701765630837,
+ 0.017958213920560351,
+ 23234.984113500199,
+ {-1795821.3920560319, -1795821.3920560319, -1795821.3920560319, 0}},
+ MicroPorosityStateSpace<DisplacementDim>{
+ 0.20475472126658667,
+ 0.0086449477574298151,
+ -123250534.84079438,
+ {-864494.77574297995, -864494.77574297995, -864494.77574297995, 0}},
+ MicroPorosityStateSpace<DisplacementDim>{
+ 0.20005534659406693,
+ 0.0001006301710302317,
+ -199863745.41244847,
+ {-10063.017103021764, -10063.017103021764, -10063.017103021764,
+ 0}}};
+
+ auto eps_equal = [](double const a, double const b) {
+ return std::abs(a - b) < eps;
+ };
+
+ auto const [mismatch_it_expected, mismatch_it_results] = std::mismatch(
+ begin(expected_results), end(expected_results), begin(results),
+ [&](auto const& a, auto const& b) {
+ EXPECT_TRUE(eps_equal(a.phi_m, b.phi_m)) << "with eps = " << eps;
+ EXPECT_TRUE(eps_equal(a.e_sw, b.e_sw)) << "with eps = " << eps;
+ EXPECT_TRUE(eps_equal(a.p_L_m / 1e9, b.p_L_m / 1e9))
+ << "with eps = " << eps;
+ EXPECT_TRUE((a.sigma_sw - b.sigma_sw).norm() / 1e9 < eps)
+ << "with eps = " << eps;
+ // Divide pressures and stresses by GPa to get approxmately
+ // O(1) numbers.
+ return eps_equal(a.phi_m, b.phi_m) && eps_equal(a.e_sw, b.e_sw) &&
+ eps_equal(a.p_L_m / 1e9, b.p_L_m / 1e9) &&
+ (a.sigma_sw - b.sigma_sw).norm() / 1e9 < eps;
+ });
+
+ ASSERT_TRUE(mismatch_it_expected == end(expected_results))
+ << "Mismatch for expected result\n\t" << *mismatch_it_expected
+ << "\n\tfound. Corresponding result is\n\t" << *mismatch_it_results;
+ ASSERT_TRUE(mismatch_it_results == end(results));
+}