substitute: Rework connection error handling.

This is part of trying to reduce the interdependency of code within the
substitute module.

This commit addresses some of the error handling that was performed through
open-connection-for-uri/maybe. The new approach is to use
call-with-connection-error-handling, and wrap calls to http-multiple-get and
http-fetch with that procedure, which takes care of handling connection
errors.

I think this is even slightly more rigerous than the previous setup, because
this approach handles connection errors that occur when http-multiple-get
reconnects to a host.

* guix/scripts/substitute.scm (open-connection-for-uri/maybe): Transform in to
call-with-connection-error-handling.
(fetch-narinfos): Use call-with-connection-error-handling.
(process-query): Replace open-connection-for-uri/maybe with
open-connection-for-uri/cached.
(open-connection-for-uri/cached): Set a default timeout, matching the
behaviour in open-connection-for-uri/maybe.
(process-substitution): Use call-with-connection-error-handling.