doc: Add "Build Systems" section.

* doc/guix.texi (Defining Packages): Add 'arguments' field in the
  example; update 'synopsis' and 'description'.  Remove most of the
  description of 'build-system', and instead reference to the "Build
  Systems" node.  Briefly describe 'arguments' field, and remove more
  elaborate description.  Add cross-reference to "Packaging Guidelines".
  (Build Systems): New node.
  (Packaging Guidelines): Mention '--log-file'.