* gnu/services/avahi.scm (configuration-file): Use 'plain-file' instead
  of 'text-file'.
  (avahi-service): Turn into a regular procedure that returns a <service>.
* gnu/services/base.scm (root-file-system-service, file-system-service,
  user-unmount-service, user-processes-service, host-name-service,
  console-keymap-service, console-font-service, mingetty-service,
  nscd.conf-file, nscd-service): Likewise.
  (%default-syslog.conf): New variable.
  (syslog-service): Use it.  Turn into a regular procedure.
  (guix-service, udev-rules-union, kvm-udev-rule, udev-service,
  device-mapping-service, swap-service): Likewise.
* gnu/services/databases.scm (%default-postgres-hba,
  %default-postgres-ident): Use 'plain-file' instead of 'text-file'.
  (%default-postgres-config): Use 'mixed-text-file' instead of
  'text-file*'.
  (postgresql-service):  Use 'program-file' instead of 'gexp->script'.
  Turn into a regular procedure.
* gnu/services/desktop.scm (dbus-configuration-directory): Use
  'computed-file' instead of 'gexp->derivation'.
  (upower-configuration-file, geoclue-configuration-file,
  elogind-configuration-file): Use 'plain-file' instead of 'text-file'.
  (dbus-service, upower-service, colord-service, geoclue-service,
  polkit-service, elogind-service): Turn into regular procedures.
  (%desktop-services): Remove use of 'mlet' when iterating on
  %BASE-SERVICES.
* gnu/services/lirc.scm (lirc-service): Turn into a regular procedure.
* gnu/services/networking.scm (static-networking-service,
  dhcp-client-service, ntp-service, tor-service, bitlbee-service,
  wicd-service): Likewise.
* gnu/services/ssh.scm (lsh-service): Likewise.
* gnu/services/web.scm (nginx-service): Likewise.
* gnu/services/xorg.scm (xorg-configuration-file): Use 'mixed-text-file'
  instead of 'text-file*'.
  (xorg-start-command, slim-service): Turn into regular procedures.
  (xinitrc): Use 'program-file' instead of 'gexp->script'.
* gnu/system/install.scm (cow-store-service,
  configuration-template-service): Turn into regular procedures.
* gnu/system.scm (other-file-system-services, device-mapping-services,
  swap-services, essential-services, operating-system-services,
  user-shells, operating-system-accounts): Remove now unnecessary
  'mlet' and turn into regular procedures.
  (operating-system-etc-directory, operating-system-activation-script,
  operating-system-boot-script): Adjust accordingly.
* doc/guix.texi (Base Services, Networking Services, X Window, Desktop
  Services, Database Services, Web Services, Various Services, Name
  Service Switch): Adjust accordingly.

* gnu/services/base.scm (mingetty-service): Change default value of
  #:motd from a monadic value to a <plain-file>.  Assume MOTD to be a
  file-like object.  Assume LOGIN-PROGRAM is a gexp or #f.
  (%base-services): Use 'plain-file' instead of 'text-file' for motd.
* gnu/system/linux.scm (unix-pam-service): Update docstring to mention
  that MOTD is a file-like object.
* doc/guix.texi (Base Services): Adjust 'mingetty-service' documentation
  accordingly.
* gnu/system/install.scm (installation-services): Adjust accordingly.
  (log-to-info): Use 'program-file' instead of 'gexp->script'.

* guix/gexp.scm (mixed-text-file): New procedure.
* tests/gexp.scm ("mixed-text-file"): New test.
* doc/guix.texi (G-Expressions): Document it.

* guix/gexp.scm (<program-file>): New record type.
  (program-file, program-file-compiler): New procedures.
* tests/gexp.scm ("program-file"): New test.
* doc/guix.texi (G-Expressions): Document it.

* guix/gexp.scm (<computed-file>): New record type.
  (computed-file, computed-file-compiler): New procedures.
* tests/gexp.scm ("lower-object, computed-file"): New test.
* doc/guix.texi (G-Expressions): Document 'computed-file'.

This allows for direct program invokation without needing a shell to act
as a command interpreter.

* guix/scripts/environment.scm (%default-shell): New variable.
  (show-help): Adjust description.  Remove '--exec' reference.
  (%default-options): Use '%default-shell'.
  (%options): Adjust '--exec' to run command via the default shell.
  (parse-args): New procedure.
  (guix-environment): Use 'parse-args'.  Use 'system*' instead of
  'system'.
* tests/guix-environment.sh: Add test for '--' command invokation.
* doc/guix.texi ("Invoking guix environment"): Use new syntax.  Remove
  '--exec' documentation.

* doc/guix.texi (Invoking guix refresh): Mention ./pre-inst-env.

Suggested by Mark H Weaver <mhw@netris.org>.

* guix/scripts/gc.scm (show-help, %options): Add --list-failures and
  --clear-failures.
  (guix-gc): Honor them.
* doc/guix.texi (Invoking guix gc): Document them.
  (Invoking guix-daemon): Mention them.

This is a followup to commit ba7d6c76.

* doc/guix.texi (Synopses and Descriptions): Fix spelling.

* doc/guix.texi (Synopses and Descriptions): Warn about special
  characters in Texinfo.  Indicate how to help the translators.

* doc/guix.texi (Application Setup): Add anchor and index entry.
  (Locales): Refer to it.  Mention /run/current-system/locale.

* emacs/guix-guile.el (guix-guile-current-module): New function.
* emacs/guix-devel.el: New file.
* emacs.am (ELFILES): Add it.
* doc/emacs.texi (Emacs Development): New node.
  (Emacs Interface): Add it.
* doc/contributing.texi (The Perfect Setup): Mention it.
* doc/guix.texi (Top): Add it.
* emacs/guix-init.el: Add 'guix-devel-activate-mode-maybe' to
  'scheme-mode-hook'.

Suggested by Petter <petter@mykolab.ch>
and Mark H Weaver <mhw@netris.org>.
Reported by Duncan Keall <duncan@duncankeall.com>.

Partly fixes <http://bugs.gnu.org/19190> by populating /dev/mapper
early enough.

* gnu/build/linux-boot.scm (mount-essential-file-systems): Mount /dev as
  a devtmpfs.
  (move-essential-file-systems): Add /dev.
  (mount-root-file-system): Mount /rw-root/dev as a devtmpfs instead of
  calling 'make-essential-device-nodes'.
  (boot-system): Remove call to 'make-essential-device-nodes'.
* gnu/system/file-systems.scm (%devtmpfs-file-system): Remove.
* doc/guix.texi (File Systems): Adjust accordingly.

* doc/guix.texi (Synopses and Descriptions): New node.
* doc/contributing.texi (Submitting Patches): Add item that
  cross-references it.

* doc/guix.texi: Replace outdated @author list with just "The GNU Guix
  Developers".

* emacs/guix-build-log.el: New file.
* emacs.am (ELFILES): Add it.
* doc/emacs.texi (Emacs Build Log): Document it.  New node.
  (Emacs Interface): Add it.
* doc/guix.texi (Top): Likewise.

* guix/scripts/lint.scm (check-source-file-name): New procedure.
  (%checkers): Add 'source-file-name' checker.
* tests/lint.scm ("source-file-name", "source-file-name: v prefix")
  ("source-file-name: valid", "source-file-name: bad checkout")
  ("source-file-name: good checkout"): New tests.
* doc/guix.texi (Invoking guix lint): Mention file name check.

Apply the recommended formatting rules from '.dir-locals.el' to the
examples in the manual in order to fulfill it's purpose of being a
reference.

* doc/package-hello.scm: Indent it.
* doc/guix.texi (Defining Packages, Version Numbers): Likewise.
* gnu/packages/base.scm (hello): Be consistent with the manual.

Previously, the Ruby build system only knew how to work with gem archives,
which made it difficult to build unreleased gems from a Git repository or
released gems in tarball form.

* gnu/build/ruby-build-system.scm (gnu:unpack, gem-archive?): New procedures.
  (unpack): Use GNU build system unpack phase for non-gem sources.
  (build): Rebuild the gemspec iff the source is a gem archive.
* guix.texi ("ruby-build-system"): Mention that tarballs and directories are
  acceptable.

This reverts commit daa48c31.

* gnu/services/base.scm (mingetty-service): Change default value of
  #:motd from a monadic value to a <plain-file>.  Assume MOTD to be a
  file-like object.  Assume LOGIN-PROGRAM is a gexp or #f.
  (%base-services): Use 'plain-file' instead of 'text-file' for motd.
* gnu/system/linux.scm (unix-pam-service): Update docstring to mention
  that MOTD is a file-like object.
* doc/guix.texi (Base Services): Adjust 'mingetty-service' documentation
  accordingly.

* guix/scripts/build.scm (%default-log-urls): New variable.
  (log-url): New procedure.
  (guix-build): Use it.
* doc/guix.texi (Invoking guix build): Document it.

* guix/scripts/graph.scm (%options, show-help): Add '--expression'.
  (guix-graph): Call 'read/eval-package-expression' for 'expression'
  pairs in OPTS.
* tests/guix-graph.sh: Add tests.
* doc/guix.texi (Invoking guix graph): Document it.

* doc/guix.texi (Desktop Services): Add polkit-service and
  elogind-service documentation.

* guix/build-system/r.scm: New file.
* guix/build/r-build-system: New file.
* Makefile.am (MODULES): Add new files.
* doc/guix.texi (Build Systems): Document r-build-system.

* guix/import/cran.scm: New file.
* guix/scripts/import.scm: Add "cran" to 'importers'.
* guix/scripts/import/cran.scm: New file.
* tests/cran.scm: New file.
* Makefile.am (MODULES): Add 'guix/import/cran.scm' and
  'guix/scripts/import/cran.scm'.
  (SCM_TESTS): Add 'tests/cran.scm'.
* doc/guix.texi (Invoking guix import): Document it.
* po/guix/POTFILES.in: Add 'guix/scripts/import/cran.scm'.

* emacs/guix-command.el: New file.
* emacs.am (ELFILES): Add it.
* doc/emacs.texi (Emacs Initial Setup): Mention 'magit-popup' library.
  (Emacs Popup Interface): New node.
  (Emacs Interface): Add it.
* doc/guix.texi (Top): Likewise.

* doc/guix.texi (Package Management): Move "Emacs Interface" node to ...
  (Top): ...here, since it is not just about package management.
* doc/emacs.texi: Shift all nodes one level up (@section -> @chapter, etc.).
  Rename "Emacs Usage" node into "Emacs Package Management".  Move "Emacs
  Configuration" node here.

* doc/guix.texi (Locales): Introduce "codeset".
  <%default-locale-definitions>: Mention the "normalized codeset", with
  an xref to libc's manual.
* gnu/system/locale.scm (%default-locale-definitions)[utf8-locale]:
  Mention the "normalized codeset" in a comment.

* guix/gexp.scm (gexp->derivation): Add #:script-name parameter.
* doc/guix.texi (G-Expressions): Document it.

* gnu/services/web.scm: New file.
* gnu-system.am (GNU_SYSTEM_MODULES): Add it.
* guix.texi ("Web Services"): New section.

* gnu/scripts/import.scm (importers): Add "gem".
* gnu/import/gem.scm: New file.
* gnu/scripts/import/gem.scm: New file.
* Makefile.am (MODULES): Add them.
* guix.texi ("invoking guix import"): Document it.

* guix/scripts/graph.scm, tests/graph.scm, tests/guix-graph.sh,
  doc/images/coreutils-bag-graph.dot, doc/images/coreutils-graph.dot: New
  files.
* Makefile.am (MODULES): Add guix/scripts/graph.scm.
  (SH_TESTS): Add tests/guix-graph.sh.
  (SCM_TESTS): Add tests/graph.scm.
* doc.am (DOT_FILES, DOT_VECTOR_GRAPHICS): New variables.
  (EXTRA_DIST): Use them.
  (dist_infoimage_DATA): Use $(DOT_FILES).
  (pdf-local, info-local, ps-local): Likewise.
* doc/guix.texi (Packages with Multiple Outputs): Add cross-reference to 'guix
  graph'.
  (Invoking guix gc): Likewise.
  (Invoking guix graph): New section.

* guix/gexp.scm (lower-object): New procedure.
  (lower-inputs, lower-references, gexp->sexp): Use it.
* tests/gexp.scm ("lower-object"): New test.
* doc/guix.texi (G-Expressions): Document it.

* gnu/services/desktop.scm (bool): New top-level helper.
  (upower-configuration-file): Use top-level `bool'.
  (geoclue-application): New public function.
  (%standard-geoclue-applications): New public variable.
  (geoclue-service): New public variable.
  (%desktop-services): Add GeoClue.  Add a comment about activation.
* doc/guix.texi (Desktop Services): Document the GeoClue service.

Signed-off-by: Ludovic Courtès <ludo@gnu.org>

* doc/guix.texi (Defining Packages): Add gawk dependency.

Signed-off-by: Ludovic Courtès <ludo@gnu.org>

* guix/scripts/package.scm (show-help): Add help text for --install-from-file
  option.
  (%options): Add --install-from-file option.
* tests/guix-package.sh: Test it.
* doc/guix.texi ("invoking guix package"): Document it.
* doc/package-hello.scm: New file.
* doc.am (EXTRA_DIST): Add it.

* guix/scripts/lint.scm (report-tabulations, report-trailing-white-space,
  report-long-line, report-formatting-issues, check-formatting): New
  procedures.
  (%formatting-reporters): New variable.
  (%checkers): Add 'formatting' checker.
* tests/lint.scm ("formatting: tabulation", "formatting: trailing white
  space", "formatting: long line", "formatting: alright"): New tests.
* doc/guix.texi (Invoking guix lint): Mention the 'formatting' checker.

Co-Authored-By: Pjotr Prins <pjotr.public01@thebird.nl>

* guix/build-system/ruby.scm (lower): Remove git dependency.
  (rubygems-uri): New procedure.
* guix/build/ruby-build-system (gitify): Delete.
  (unpack): Use 'gem unpack' utility.
  (check): Add docstring.
  (build): Repack modified gem.
  (install): Rebuild unpacked gem and install it.
  (%standard-phases): Remove gitify and build phases.
* gnu/packages/ruby.scm (ruby-hoe, ruby-rake-compiler, ruby-i18n,
  ruby-rspec-support, ruby-rspec-core, ruby-diff-lcs-for-rspec,
  ruby-rspec-expectations, ruby-rspec-mocks, ruby-rspec, bundler,
  ruby-useragent, ruby-bacon, ruby-arel, ruby-connection-pool,
  ruby-net-http-persistent, ruby-minitest, ruby-minitest-sprint,
  ruby-minitest-bacon, ruby-daemons, ruby-git, ruby-slop,
  ruby-multipart-post): Convert to new build system.
* doc/guix.texi (ruby-build-system): Document the gem archive requirement.

* doc/guix.texi (Invoking guix-daemon, Application Setup, The Store): Fix
  typos.