guix.texi

@cindex package transformations
@cindex input rewriting
@cindex dependency tree rewriting
Packages can be manipulated in arbitrary ways.  An example of a useful
transformation is @dfn{input rewriting}, whereby the dependency tree of
a package is rewritten by replacing specific inputs by others:

@deffn {Scheme Procedure} package-input-rewriting @var{replacements} @
           [@var{rewrite-name}]
Return a procedure that, when passed a package, replaces its direct and
indirect dependencies (but not its implicit inputs) according to
@var{replacements}.  @var{replacements} is a list of package pairs; the
first element of each pair is the package to replace, and the second one
is the replacement.

Optionally, @var{rewrite-name} is a one-argument procedure that takes
the name of a package and returns its new name after rewrite.
@end deffn

@noindent
Consider this example:

@lisp
(define libressl-instead-of-openssl
  ;; This is a procedure to replace OPENSSL by LIBRESSL,
  ;; recursively.
  (package-input-rewriting `((,openssl . ,libressl))))

(define git-with-libressl
  (libressl-instead-of-openssl git))
@end lisp

@noindent
Here we first define a rewriting procedure that replaces @var{openssl}
with @var{libressl}.  Then we use it to define a @dfn{variant} of the
@var{git} package that uses @var{libressl} instead of @var{openssl}.
This is exactly what the @option{--with-input} command-line option does
(@pxref{Package Transformation Options, @option{--with-input}}).

The following variant of @code{package-input-rewriting} can match packages to
be replaced by name rather than by identity.

@deffn {Scheme Procedure} package-input-rewriting/spec @var{replacements}
Return a procedure that, given a package, applies the given @var{replacements} to
all the package graph (excluding implicit inputs).  @var{replacements} is a list of
spec/procedures pair; each spec is a package specification such as @code{"gcc"} or
@code{"guile@@2"}, and each procedure takes a matching package and returns a
replacement for that package.
@end deffn

The example above could be rewritten this way:

@lisp
(define libressl-instead-of-openssl
  ;; Replace all the packages called "openssl" with LibreSSL.
  (package-input-rewriting/spec `(("openssl" . ,(const libressl)))))
@end lisp

The key difference here is that, this time, packages are matched by spec and
not by identity.  In other words, any package in the graph that is called
@code{openssl} will be replaced.

A more generic procedure to rewrite a package dependency graph is
@code{package-mapping}: it supports arbitrary changes to nodes in the
graph.

@deffn {Scheme Procedure} package-mapping @var{proc} [@var{cut?}]
Return a procedure that, given a package, applies @var{proc} to all the packages
depended on and returns the resulting package.  The procedure stops recursion
when @var{cut?} returns true for a given package.
@end deffn

@menu
* package Reference::           The package data type.
* origin Reference::            The origin data type.
@end menu


@node package Reference
@subsection @code{package} Reference

This section summarizes all the options available in @code{package}
declarations (@pxref{Defining Packages}).

@deftp {Data Type} package
This is the data type representing a package recipe.

@table @asis
@item @code{name}
The name of the package, as a string.

@item @code{version}
The version of the package, as a string.

@item @code{source}
An object telling how the source code for the package should be
acquired.  Most of the time, this is an @code{origin} object, which
denotes a file fetched from the Internet (@pxref{origin Reference}).  It
can also be any other ``file-like'' object such as a @code{local-file},
which denotes a file from the local file system (@pxref{G-Expressions,
@code{local-file}}).

@item @code{build-system}
The build system that should be used to build the package (@pxref{Build
Systems}).

@item @code{arguments} (default: @code{'()})
The arguments that should be passed to the build system.  This is a
list, typically containing sequential keyword-value pairs.

@item @code{inputs} (default: @code{'()})
@itemx @code{native-inputs} (default: @code{'()})
@itemx @code{propagated-inputs} (default: @code{'()})
@cindex inputs, of packages
These fields list dependencies of the package.  Each one is a list of
tuples, where each tuple has a label for the input (a string) as its
first element, a package, origin, or derivation as its second element,
and optionally the name of the output thereof that should be used, which
defaults to @code{"out"} (@pxref{Packages with Multiple Outputs}, for
more on package outputs).  For example, the list below specifies three
inputs:

@lisp
`(("libffi" ,libffi)
  ("libunistring" ,libunistring)
  ("glib:bin" ,glib "bin"))  ;the "bin" output of Glib
@end lisp

@cindex cross compilation, package dependencies
The distinction between @code{native-inputs} and @code{inputs} is
necessary when considering cross-compilation.  When cross-compiling,
dependencies listed in @code{inputs} are built for the @emph{target}
architecture; conversely, dependencies listed in @code{native-inputs}
are built for the architecture of the @emph{build} machine.

@code{native-inputs} is typically used to list tools needed at
build time, but not at run time, such as Autoconf, Automake, pkg-config,
Gettext, or Bison.  @command{guix lint} can report likely mistakes in
this area (@pxref{Invoking guix lint}).

@anchor{package-propagated-inputs}
Lastly, @code{propagated-inputs} is similar to @code{inputs}, but the
specified packages will be automatically installed alongside the package
they belong to (@pxref{package-cmd-propagated-inputs, @command{guix
package}}, for information on how @command{guix package} deals with
propagated inputs).

For example this is necessary when a C/C++ library needs headers of
another library to compile, or when a pkg-config file refers to another
one @i{via} its @code{Requires} field.

Another example where @code{propagated-inputs} is useful is for languages
that lack a facility to record the run-time search path akin to the
@code{RUNPATH} of ELF files; this includes Guile, Python, Perl, and
more.  To ensure that libraries written in those languages can find
library code they depend on at run time, run-time dependencies must be
listed in @code{propagated-inputs} rather than @code{inputs}.

@item @code{outputs} (default: @code{'("out")})
The list of output names of the package.  @xref{Packages with Multiple
Outputs}, for typical uses of additional outputs.

@item @code{native-search-paths} (default: @code{'()})
@itemx @code{search-paths} (default: @code{'()})
A list of @code{search-path-specification} objects describing
search-path environment variables honored by the package.

@item @code{replacement} (default: @code{#f})
This must be either @code{#f} or a package object that will be used as a
@dfn{replacement} for this package.  @xref{Security Updates, grafts},
for details.

@item @code{synopsis}
A one-line description of the package.

@item @code{description}
A more elaborate description of the package.

@item @code{license}
@cindex license, of packages
The license of the package; a value from @code{(guix licenses)},
or a list of such values.

@item @code{home-page}
The URL to the home-page of the package, as a string.

@item @code{supported-systems} (default: @code{%supported-systems})
The list of systems supported by the package, as strings of the form
@code{architecture-kernel}, for example @code{"x86_64-linux"}.

@item @code{location} (default: source location of the @code{package} form)
The source location of the package.  It is useful to override this when
inheriting from another package, in which case this field is not
automatically corrected.
@end table
@end deftp

@deffn {Scheme Syntax} this-package
When used in the @emph{lexical scope} of a package field definition, this
identifier resolves to the package being defined.

The example below shows how to add a package as a native input of itself when
cross-compiling:

@lisp
(package
  (name "guile")
  ;; ...

  ;; When cross-compiled, Guile, for example, depends on
  ;; a native version of itself.  Add it here.
  (native-inputs (if (%current-target-system)
                     `(("self" ,this-package))
                     '())))
@end lisp

It is an error to refer to @code{this-package} outside a package definition.
@end deffn

@node origin Reference
@subsection @code{origin} Reference

This section summarizes all the options available in @code{origin}
declarations (@pxref{Defining Packages}).

@deftp {Data Type} origin
This is the data type representing a source code origin.

@table @asis
@item @code{uri}
An object containing the URI of the source.  The object type depends on
the @code{method} (see below).  For example, when using the
@var{url-fetch} method of @code{(guix download)}, the valid @code{uri}
values are: a URL represented as a string, or a list thereof.

@item @code{method}
A procedure that handles the URI.

Examples include:

@table @asis
@item @var{url-fetch} from @code{(guix download)}
download a file from the HTTP, HTTPS, or FTP URL specified in the
@code{uri} field;

@vindex git-fetch
@item @var{git-fetch} from @code{(guix git-download)}
clone the Git version control repository, and check out the revision
specified in the @code{uri} field as a @code{git-reference} object; a
@code{git-reference} looks like this:

@lisp
(git-reference
  (url "https://git.savannah.gnu.org/git/hello.git")
  (commit "v2.10"))
@end lisp
@end table

@item @code{sha256}
A bytevector containing the SHA-256 hash of the source.  This is
equivalent to providing a @code{content-hash} SHA256 object in the
@code{hash} field described below.

@item @code{hash}
The @code{content-hash} object of the source---see below for how to use
@code{content-hash}.

You can obtain this information using @code{guix download}
(@pxref{Invoking guix download}) or @code{guix hash} (@pxref{Invoking
guix hash}).

@item @code{file-name} (default: @code{#f})
The file name under which the source code should be saved.  When this is
@code{#f}, a sensible default value will be used in most cases.  In case
the source is fetched from a URL, the file name from the URL will be
used.  For version control checkouts, it is recommended to provide the
file name explicitly because the default is not very descriptive.

@item @code{patches} (default: @code{'()})
A list of file names, origins, or file-like objects (@pxref{G-Expressions,
file-like objects}) pointing to patches to be applied to the source.

This list of patches must be unconditional.  In particular, it cannot
depend on the value of @code{%current-system} or
@code{%current-target-system}.

@item @code{snippet} (default: @code{#f})
A G-expression (@pxref{G-Expressions}) or S-expression that will be run
in the source directory.  This is a convenient way to modify the source,
sometimes more convenient than a patch.

@item @code{patch-flags} (default: @code{'("-p1")})
A list of command-line flags that should be passed to the @code{patch}
command.

@item @code{patch-inputs} (default: @code{#f})
Input packages or derivations to the patching process.  When this is
@code{#f}, the usual set of inputs necessary for patching are provided,
such as GNU@tie{}Patch.

@item @code{modules} (default: @code{'()})
A list of Guile modules that should be loaded during the patching
process and while running the code in the @code{snippet} field.

@item @code{patch-guile} (default: @code{#f})
The Guile package that should be used in the patching process.  When
this is @code{#f}, a sensible default is used.
@end table
@end deftp

@deftp {Data Type} content-hash @var{value} [@var{algorithm}]
Construct a content hash object for the given @var{algorithm}, and with
@var{value} as its hash value.  When @var{algorithm} is omitted, assume
it is @code{sha256}.

@var{value} can be a literal string, in which case it is base32-decoded,
or it can be a bytevector.

The following forms are all equivalent:

@lisp
(content-hash "05zxkyz9bv3j9h0xyid1rhvh3klhsmrpkf3bcs6frvlgyr2gwilj")
(content-hash "05zxkyz9bv3j9h0xyid1rhvh3klhsmrpkf3bcs6frvlgyr2gwilj"
              sha256)
(content-hash (base32
               "05zxkyz9bv3j9h0xyid1rhvh3klhsmrpkf3bcs6frvlgyr2gwilj"))
(content-hash (base64 "kkb+RPaP7uyMZmu4eXPVkM4BN8yhRd8BTHLslb6f/Rc=")
              sha256)
@end lisp

Technically, @code{content-hash} is currently implemented as a macro.
It performs sanity checks at macro-expansion time, when possible, such
as ensuring that @var{value} has the right size for @var{algorithm}.
@end deftp

@node Build Systems
@section Build Systems

@cindex build system
Each package definition specifies a @dfn{build system} and arguments for
that build system (@pxref{Defining Packages}).  This @code{build-system}
field represents the build procedure of the package, as well as implicit
dependencies of that build procedure.

Build systems are @code{<build-system>} objects.  The interface to
create and manipulate them is provided by the @code{(guix build-system)}
module, and actual build systems are exported by specific modules.

@cindex bag (low-level package representation)
Under the hood, build systems first compile package objects to
@dfn{bags}.  A @dfn{bag} is like a package, but with less
ornamentation---in other words, a bag is a lower-level representation of
a package, which includes all the inputs of that package, including some
that were implicitly added by the build system.  This intermediate
representation is then compiled to a derivation (@pxref{Derivations}).

Build systems accept an optional list of @dfn{arguments}.  In package
definitions, these are passed @i{via} the @code{arguments} field
(@pxref{Defining Packages}).  They are typically keyword arguments
(@pxref{Optional Arguments, keyword arguments in Guile,, guile, GNU
Guile Reference Manual}).  The value of these arguments is usually
evaluated in the @dfn{build stratum}---i.e., by a Guile process launched
by the daemon (@pxref{Derivations}).

The main build system is @code{gnu-build-system}, which implements the
standard build procedure for GNU and many other packages.  It
is provided by the @code{(guix build-system gnu)} module.

@defvr {Scheme Variable} gnu-build-system
@code{gnu-build-system} represents the GNU Build System, and variants
thereof (@pxref{Configuration, configuration and makefile conventions,,
standards, GNU Coding Standards}).

@cindex build phases
In a nutshell, packages using it are configured, built, and installed with
the usual @code{./configure && make && make check && make install}
command sequence.  In practice, a few additional steps are often needed.
All these steps are split up in separate @dfn{phases},
notably@footnote{Please see the @code{(guix build gnu-build-system)}
modules for more details about the build phases.}:

@table @code
@item unpack
Unpack the source tarball, and change the current directory to the
extracted source tree.  If the source is actually a directory, copy it
to the build tree, and enter that directory.

@item patch-source-shebangs
Patch shebangs encountered in source files so they refer to the right
store file names.  For instance, this changes @code{#!/bin/sh} to
@code{#!/gnu/store/@dots{}-bash-4.3/bin/sh}.

@item configure
Run the @file{configure} script with a number of default options, such
as @option{--prefix=/gnu/store/@dots{}}, as well as the options specified
by the @code{#:configure-flags} argument.

@item build
Run @code{make} with the list of flags specified with
@code{#:make-flags}.  If the @code{#:parallel-build?} argument is true
(the default), build with @code{make -j}.

@item check
Run @code{make check}, or some other target specified with
@code{#:test-target}, unless @code{#:tests? #f} is passed.  If the
@code{#:parallel-tests?} argument is true (the default), run @code{make
check -j}.

@item install
Run @code{make install} with the flags listed in @code{#:make-flags}.

@item patch-shebangs
Patch shebangs on the installed executable files.

@item strip
Strip debugging symbols from ELF files (unless @code{#:strip-binaries?}
is false), copying them to the @code{debug} output when available
(@pxref{Installing Debugging Files}).
@end table

@vindex %standard-phases
The build-side module @code{(guix build gnu-build-system)} defines
@code{%standard-phases} as the default list of build phases.
@code{%standard-phases} is a list of symbol/procedure pairs, where the
procedure implements the actual phase.

The list of phases used for a particular package can be changed with the
@code{#:phases} parameter.  For instance, passing:

@example
#:phases (modify-phases %standard-phases (delete 'configure))
@end example

means that all the phases described above will be used, except the
@code{configure} phase.

In addition, this build system ensures that the ``standard'' environment
for GNU packages is available.  This includes tools such as GCC, libc,
Coreutils, Bash, Make, Diffutils, grep, and sed (see the @code{(guix
build-system gnu)} module for a complete list).  We call these the
@dfn{implicit inputs} of a package, because package definitions do not
have to mention them.
@end defvr

Other @code{<build-system>} objects are defined to support other
conventions and tools used by free software packages.  They inherit most
of @code{gnu-build-system}, and differ mainly in the set of inputs
implicitly added to the build process, and in the list of phases
executed.  Some of these build systems are listed below.

@defvr {Scheme Variable} ant-build-system
This variable is exported by @code{(guix build-system ant)}.  It
implements the build procedure for Java packages that can be built with
@url{https://ant.apache.org/, Ant build tool}.

It adds both @code{ant} and the @dfn{Java Development Kit} (JDK) as
provided by the @code{icedtea} package to the set of inputs.  Different
packages can be specified with the @code{#:ant} and @code{#:jdk}
parameters, respectively.

When the original package does not provide a suitable Ant build file,
the parameter @code{#:jar-name} can be used to generate a minimal Ant
build file @file{build.xml} with tasks to build the specified jar
archive.  In this case the parameter @code{#:source-dir} can be used to
specify the source sub-directory, defaulting to ``src''.

The @code{#:main-class} parameter can be used with the minimal ant
buildfile to specify the main class of the resulting jar.  This makes the
jar file executable.  The @code{#:test-include} parameter can be used to
specify the list of junit tests to run. It defaults to
@code{(list "**/*Test.java")}.  The @code{#:test-exclude} can be used to
disable some tests. It defaults to @code{(list "**/Abstract*.java")},
because abstract classes cannot be run as tests.

The parameter @code{#:build-target} can be used to specify the Ant task
that should be run during the @code{build} phase.  By default the
``jar'' task will be run.

@end defvr

@defvr {Scheme Variable} android-ndk-build-system
@cindex Android distribution
@cindex Android NDK build system
This variable is exported by @code{(guix build-system android-ndk)}.  It
implements a build procedure for Android NDK (native development kit)
packages using a Guix-specific build process.

The build system assumes that packages install their public interface
(header) files to the subdirectory @file{include} of the @code{out} output and
their libraries to the subdirectory @file{lib} the @code{out} output.

It's also assumed that the union of all the dependencies of a package
has no conflicting files.

For the time being, cross-compilation is not supported - so right now
the libraries and header files are assumed to be host tools.

@end defvr

@defvr {Scheme Variable} asdf-build-system/source
@defvrx {Scheme Variable} asdf-build-system/sbcl
@defvrx {Scheme Variable} asdf-build-system/ecl

These variables, exported by @code{(guix build-system asdf)}, implement
build procedures for Common Lisp packages using
@url{https://common-lisp.net/project/asdf/, ``ASDF''}. ASDF is a system
definition facility for Common Lisp programs and libraries.

The @code{asdf-build-system/source} system installs the packages in
source form, and can be loaded using any common lisp implementation, via
ASDF.  The others, such as @code{asdf-build-system/sbcl}, install binary
systems in the format which a particular implementation understands.
These build systems can also be used to produce executable programs, or
lisp images which contain a set of packages pre-loaded.

The build system uses naming conventions.  For binary packages, the
package name should be prefixed with the lisp implementation, such as
@code{sbcl-} for @code{asdf-build-system/sbcl}.

Additionally, the corresponding source package should be labeled using
the same convention as python packages (see @ref{Python Modules}), using
the @code{cl-} prefix.

For binary packages, each system should be defined as a Guix package.
If one package @code{origin} contains several systems, package variants
can be created in order to build all the systems.  Source packages,
which use @code{asdf-build-system/source}, may contain several systems.

In order to create executable programs and images, the build-side
procedures @code{build-program} and @code{build-image} can be used.
They should be called in a build phase after the @code{create-symlinks}
phase, so that the system which was just built can be used within the
resulting image.  @code{build-program} requires a list of Common Lisp
expressions to be passed as the @code{#:entry-program} argument.

If the system is not defined within its own @file{.asd} file of the same
name, then the @code{#:asd-file} parameter should be used to specify
which file the system is defined in.  Furthermore, if the package
defines a system for its tests in a separate file, it will be loaded
before the tests are run if it is specified by the
@code{#:test-asd-file} parameter.  If it is not set, the files
@code{<system>-tests.asd}, @code{<system>-test.asd}, @code{tests.asd},
and @code{test.asd} will be tried if they exist.

If for some reason the package must be named in a different way than the
naming conventions suggest, the @code{#:asd-system-name} parameter can
be used to specify the name of the system.

@end defvr

@defvr {Scheme Variable} cargo-build-system
@cindex Rust programming language
@cindex Cargo (Rust build system)
This variable is exported by @code{(guix build-system cargo)}.  It
supports builds of packages using Cargo, the build tool of the
@uref{https://www.rust-lang.org, Rust programming language}.

It adds @code{rustc} and @code{cargo} to the set of inputs.
A different Rust package can be specified with the @code{#:rust} parameter.

Regular cargo dependencies should be added to the package definition via the
@code{#:cargo-inputs} parameter as a list of name and spec pairs, where the
spec can be a package or a source definition.  Note that the spec must
evaluate to a path to a gzipped tarball which includes a @code{Cargo.toml}
file at its root, or it will be ignored.  Similarly, cargo dev-dependencies
should be added to the package definition via the
@code{#:cargo-development-inputs} parameter.

In its @code{configure} phase, this build system will make any source inputs
specified in the @code{#:cargo-inputs} and @code{#:cargo-development-inputs}
parameters available to cargo.  It will also remove an included
@code{Cargo.lock} file to be recreated by @code{cargo} during the
@code{build} phase.  The @code{install} phase installs any crate the binaries
if they are defined by the crate.
@end defvr


@defvr {Scheme Variable} copy-build-system
This variable is exported by @code{(guix build-system copy)}.  It
supports builds of simple packages that don't require much compiling,
mostly just moving files around.

It adds much of the @code{gnu-build-system} packages to the set of
inputs.  Because of this, the @code{copy-build-system} does not require
all the boilerplate code often needed for the
@code{trivial-build-system}.

To further simplify the file installation process, an
@code{#:install-plan} argument is exposed to let the packager specify
which files go where.  The install plan is a list of @code{(@var{source}
@var{target} [@var{filters}])}.  @var{filters} are optional.

@itemize
@item When @var{source} matches a file or directory without trailing slash, install it to @var{target}.
@itemize
@item If @var{target} has a trailing slash, install @var{source} basename beneath @var{target}.
@item Otherwise install @var{source} as @var{target}.
@end itemize

@item When @var{source} is a directory with a trailing slash, or when @var{filters} are used,
the trailing slash of @var{target} is implied with the same meaning
as above.
@itemize
@item Without @var{filters}, install the full @var{source} @emph{content} to @var{target}.
@item With @var{filters} among @code{#:include}, @code{#:include-regexp}, @code{#:exclude},
@code{#:exclude-regexp}, only select files are installed depending on
the filters.  Each filters is specified by a list of strings.
@itemize
@item With @code{#:include}, install all the files which the path suffix matches
at least one of the elements in the given list.
@item With @code{#:include-regexp}, install all the files which the
subpaths match at least one of the regular expressions in the given
list.
@item The @code{#:exclude} and @code{#:exclude-regexp} filters
are the complement of their inclusion counterpart.  Without @code{#:include} flags,
install all files but those matching the exclusion filters.
If both inclusions and exclusions are specified, the exclusions are done
on top of the inclusions.
@end itemize
@end itemize
In all cases, the paths relative to @var{source} are preserved within
@var{target}.
@end itemize

Examples:

@itemize
@item @code{("foo/bar" "share/my-app/")}: Install @file{bar} to @file{share/my-app/bar}.
@item @code{("foo/bar" "share/my-app/baz")}: Install @file{bar} to @file{share/my-app/baz}.
@item @code{("foo/" "share/my-app")}: Install the content of @file{foo} inside @file{share/my-app},
e.g., install @file{foo/sub/file} to @file{share/my-app/sub/file}.
@item @code{("foo/" "share/my-app" #:include ("sub/file"))}: Install only @file{foo/sub/file} to
@file{share/my-app/sub/file}.
@item @code{("foo/sub" "share/my-app" #:include ("file"))}: Install @file{foo/sub/file} to
@file{share/my-app/file}.
@end itemize
@end defvr


@cindex Clojure (programming language)
@cindex simple Clojure build system
@defvr {Scheme Variable} clojure-build-system
This variable is exported by @code{(guix build-system clojure)}.  It implements
a simple build procedure for @uref{https://clojure.org/, Clojure} packages
using plain old @code{compile} in Clojure.  Cross-compilation is not supported
yet.

It adds @code{clojure}, @code{icedtea} and @code{zip} to the set of inputs.
Different packages can be specified with the @code{#:clojure}, @code{#:jdk} and
@code{#:zip} parameters, respectively.

A list of source directories, test directories and jar names can be specified
with the @code{#:source-dirs}, @code{#:test-dirs} and @code{#:jar-names}
parameters, respectively.  Compile directory and main class can be specified
with the @code{#:compile-dir} and @code{#:main-class} parameters, respectively.
Other parameters are documented below.

This build system is an extension of @code{ant-build-system}, but with the
following phases changed:

@table @code

@item build
This phase calls @code{compile} in Clojure to compile source files and runs
@command{jar} to create jars from both source files and compiled files
according to the include list and exclude list specified in
@code{#:aot-include} and @code{#:aot-exclude}, respectively.  The exclude list
has priority over the include list.  These lists consist of symbols
representing Clojure libraries or the special keyword @code{#:all} representing
all Clojure libraries found under the source directories.  The parameter
@code{#:omit-source?} decides if source should be included into the jars.

@item check
This phase runs tests according to the include list and exclude list specified
in @code{#:test-include} and @code{#:test-exclude}, respectively.  Their
meanings are analogous to that of @code{#:aot-include} and
@code{#:aot-exclude}, except that the special keyword @code{#:all} now
stands for all Clojure libraries found under the test directories.  The
parameter @code{#:tests?} decides if tests should be run.

@item install
This phase installs all jars built previously.
@end table

Apart from the above, this build system also contains an additional phase:

@table @code

@item install-doc
This phase installs all top-level files with base name matching
@code{%doc-regex}.  A different regex can be specified with the
@code{#:doc-regex} parameter.  All files (recursively) inside the documentation
directories specified in @code{#:doc-dirs} are installed as well.
@end table
@end defvr

@defvr {Scheme Variable} cmake-build-system
This variable is exported by @code{(guix build-system cmake)}.  It
implements the build procedure for packages using the
@url{https://www.cmake.org, CMake build tool}.

It automatically adds the @code{cmake} package to the set of inputs.
Which package is used can be specified with the @code{#:cmake}
parameter.

The @code{#:configure-flags} parameter is taken as a list of flags
passed to the @command{cmake} command.  The @code{#:build-type}
parameter specifies in abstract terms the flags passed to the compiler;
it defaults to @code{"RelWithDebInfo"} (short for ``release mode with
debugging information''), which roughly means that code is compiled with
@code{-O2 -g}, as is the case for Autoconf-based packages by default.
@end defvr

@defvr {Scheme Variable} dune-build-system
This variable is exported by @code{(guix build-system dune)}.  It
supports builds of packages using @uref{https://dune.build/, Dune}, a build
tool for the OCaml programming language.  It is implemented as an extension
of the @code{ocaml-build-system} which is described below.  As such, the
@code{#:ocaml} and @code{#:findlib} parameters can be passed to this build
system.

It automatically adds the @code{dune} package to the set of inputs.
Which package is used can be specified with the @code{#:dune}
parameter.

There is no @code{configure} phase because dune packages typically don't
need to be configured.  The @code{#:build-flags} parameter is taken as a
list of flags passed to the @code{dune} command during the build.

The @code{#:jbuild?} parameter can be passed to use the @code{jbuild}
command instead of the more recent @code{dune} command while building
a package.  Its default value is @code{#f}.

The @code{#:package} parameter can be passed to specify a package name, which
is useful when a package contains multiple packages and you want to build
only one of them.  This is equivalent to passing the @code{-p} argument to
@code{dune}.
@end defvr

@defvr {Scheme Variable} go-build-system
This variable is exported by @code{(guix build-system go)}.  It
implements a build procedure for Go packages using the standard
@url{https://golang.org/cmd/go/#hdr-Compile_packages_and_dependencies,
Go build mechanisms}.

The user is expected to provide a value for the key @code{#:import-path}
and, in some cases, @code{#:unpack-path}.  The
@url{https://golang.org/doc/code.html#ImportPaths, import path}
corresponds to the file system path expected by the package's build
scripts and any referring packages, and provides a unique way to
refer to a Go package.  It is typically based on a combination of the
package source code's remote URI and file system hierarchy structure.  In
some cases, you will need to unpack the package's source code to a
different directory structure than the one indicated by the import path,
and @code{#:unpack-path} should be used in such cases.

Packages that provide Go libraries should install their source code into
the built output.  The key @code{#:install-source?}, which defaults to
@code{#t}, controls whether or not the source code is installed.  It can
be set to @code{#f} for packages that only provide executable files.
@end defvr

@defvr {Scheme Variable} glib-or-gtk-build-system
This variable is exported by @code{(guix build-system glib-or-gtk)}.  It
is intended for use with packages making use of GLib or GTK+.

This build system adds the following two phases to the ones defined by
@code{gnu-build-system}:

@table @code
@item glib-or-gtk-wrap
The phase @code{glib-or-gtk-wrap} ensures that programs in
@file{bin/} are able to find GLib ``schemas'' and
@uref{https://developer.gnome.org/gtk3/stable/gtk-running.html, GTK+
modules}.  This is achieved by wrapping the programs in launch scripts
that appropriately set the @env{XDG_DATA_DIRS} and @env{GTK_PATH}
environment variables.

It is possible to exclude specific package outputs from that wrapping
process by listing their names in the
@code{#:glib-or-gtk-wrap-excluded-outputs} parameter.  This is useful
when an output is known not to contain any GLib or GTK+ binaries, and
where wrapping would gratuitously add a dependency of that output on
GLib and GTK+.

@item glib-or-gtk-compile-schemas
The phase @code{glib-or-gtk-compile-schemas} makes sure that all
@uref{https://developer.gnome.org/gio/stable/glib-compile-schemas.html,
GSettings schemas} of GLib are compiled.  Compilation is performed by the
@command{glib-compile-schemas} program.  It is provided by the package
@code{glib:bin} which is automatically imported by the build system.
The @code{glib} package providing @command{glib-compile-schemas} can be
specified with the @code{#:glib} parameter.
@end table

Both phases are executed after the @code{install} phase.
@end defvr

@defvr {Scheme Variable} guile-build-system
This build system is for Guile packages that consist exclusively of Scheme
code and that are so lean that they don't even have a makefile, let alone a
@file{configure} script.  It compiles Scheme code using @command{guild
compile} (@pxref{Compilation,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}) and
installs the @file{.scm} and @file{.go} files in the right place.  It also
installs documentation.

This build system supports cross-compilation by using the
@option{--target} option of @samp{guild compile}.

Packages built with @code{guile-build-system} must provide a Guile package in
their @code{native-inputs} field.
@end defvr

@defvr {Scheme Variable} julia-build-system
This variable is exported by @code{(guix build-system julia)}.  It
implements the build procedure used by @uref{https://julialang.org/,
julia} packages, which essentially is similar to running @samp{julia -e
'using Pkg; Pkg.add(package)'} in an environment where
@env{JULIA_LOAD_PATH} contains the paths to all Julia package inputs.
Tests are run not run.

Julia packages require the source @code{file-name} to be the real name of the
package, correctly capitalized.

For packages requiring shared library dependencies, you may need to write the
@file{/deps/deps.jl} file manually. It's usually a line of @code{const
variable = /gnu/store/library.so} for each dependency, plus a void function
@code{check_deps() = nothing}.

Some older packages that aren't using @file{Package.toml} yet, will require
this file to be created, too. The function @code{julia-create-package-toml}
helps creating the file. You need to pass the outputs and the source of the
package, it's name (the same as the @code{file-name} parameter), the package
uuid, the package version, and a list of dependencies specified by their name
and their uuid.
@end defvr

@defvr {Scheme Variable} maven-build-system
This variable is exported by @code{(guix build-system maven)}.  It implements
a build procedure for @uref{https://maven.apache.org, Maven} packages.  Maven
is a dependency and lifecycle management tool for Java.  A user of Maven
specifies dependencies and plugins in a @file{pom.xml} file that Maven reads.
When Maven does not have one of the dependencies or plugins in its repository,
it will download them and use them to build the package.

The maven build system ensures that maven will not try to download any
dependency by running in offline mode.  Maven will fail if a dependency is
missing.  Before running Maven, the @file{pom.xml} (and subprojects) are
modified to specify the version of dependencies and plugins that match the
versions available in the guix build environment.  Dependencies and plugins
must be installed in the fake maven repository at @file{lib/m2}, and are
symlinked into a proper repository before maven is run.  Maven is instructed
to use that repository for the build and installs built artifacts there.
Changed files are copied to the @file{lib/m2} directory of the package output.

You can specify a @file{pom.xml} file with the @code{#:pom-file} argument,
or let the build system use the default @file{pom.xml} file in the sources.

In case you need to specify a dependency's version manually, you can use the
@code{#:local-packages} argument.  It takes an association list where the key
is the groupId of the package and its value is an association list where the
key is the artifactId of the package and its value is the version you want to
override in the @file{pom.xml}.

Some packages use dependencies or plugins that are not useful at runtime nor
at build time in Guix.  You can alter the @file{pom.xml} file to remove them
using the @code{#:exclude} argument.  Its value is an association list where
the key is the groupId of the plugin or dependency you want to remove, and
the value is a list of artifactId you want to remove.

You can override the default @code{jdk} and @code{maven} packages with the
corresponding argument, @code{#:jdk} and @code{#:maven}.

The @code{#:maven-plugins} argument is a list of maven plugins used during
the build, with the same format as the @code{inputs} fields of the package
declaration.  Its default value is @code{(default-maven-plugins)} which is
also exported.
@end defvr

@defvr {Scheme Variable} minify-build-system
This variable is exported by @code{(guix build-system minify)}.  It
implements a minification procedure for simple JavaScript packages.

It adds @code{uglify-js} to the set of inputs and uses it to compress
all JavaScript files in the @file{src} directory.  A different minifier
package can be specified with the @code{#:uglify-js} parameter, but it
is expected that the package writes the minified code to the standard
output.

When the input JavaScript files are not all located in the @file{src}
directory, the parameter @code{#:javascript-files} can be used to
specify a list of file names to feed to the minifier.
@end defvr

@defvr {Scheme Variable} ocaml-build-system
This variable is exported by @code{(guix build-system ocaml)}.  It implements
a build procedure for @uref{https://ocaml.org, OCaml} packages, which consists
of choosing the correct set of commands to run for each package.  OCaml
packages can expect many different commands to be run.  This build system will
try some of them.

When the package has a @file{setup.ml} file present at the top-level, it will
run @code{ocaml setup.ml -configure}, @code{ocaml setup.ml -build} and
@code{ocaml setup.ml -install}.  The build system will assume that this file
was generated by @uref{http://oasis.forge.ocamlcore.org/, OASIS} and will take
care of setting the prefix and enabling tests if they are not disabled.  You
can pass configure and build flags with the @code{#:configure-flags} and
@code{#:build-flags}.  The @code{#:test-flags} key can be passed to change the
set of flags used to enable tests.  The @code{#:use-make?} key can be used to
bypass this system in the build and install phases.

When the package has a @file{configure} file, it is assumed that it is a
hand-made configure script that requires a different argument format than
in the @code{gnu-build-system}.  You can add more flags with the
@code{#:configure-flags} key.

When the package has a @file{Makefile} file (or @code{#:use-make?} is
@code{#t}), it will be used and more flags can be passed to the build and
install phases with the @code{#:make-flags} key.

Finally, some packages do not have these files and use a somewhat standard
location for its build system.  In that case, the build system will run
@code{ocaml pkg/pkg.ml} or @code{ocaml pkg/build.ml} and take care of
providing the path to the required findlib module.  Additional flags can
be passed via the @code{#:build-flags} key.  Install is taken care of by
@command{opam-installer}.  In this case, the @code{opam} package must
be added to the @code{native-inputs} field of the package definition.

Note that most OCaml packages assume they will be installed in the same
directory as OCaml, which is not what we want in guix.  In particular, they
will install @file{.so} files in their module's directory, which is usually
fine because it is in the OCaml compiler directory.  In guix though, these
libraries cannot be found and we use @env{CAML_LD_LIBRARY_PATH}.  This
variable points to @file{lib/ocaml/site-lib/stubslibs} and this is where
@file{.so} libraries should be installed.
@end defvr

@defvr {Scheme Variable} python-build-system
This variable is exported by @code{(guix build-system python)}.  It
implements the more or less standard build procedure used by Python
packages, which consists in running @code{python setup.py build} and
then @code{python setup.py install --prefix=/gnu/store/@dots{}}.

For packages that install stand-alone Python programs under @code{bin/},
it takes care of wrapping these programs so that their @env{PYTHONPATH}
environment variable points to all the Python libraries they depend on.

Which Python package is used to perform the build can be specified with
the @code{#:python} parameter.  This is a useful way to force a package
to be built for a specific version of the Python interpreter, which
might be necessary if the package is only compatible with a single
interpreter version.

By default guix calls @code{setup.py} under control of
@code{setuptools}, much like @command{pip} does.  Some packages are not
compatible with setuptools (and pip), thus you can disable this by
setting the @code{#:use-setuptools?} parameter to @code{#f}.
@end defvr

@defvr {Scheme Variable} perl-build-system
This variable is exported by @code{(guix build-system perl)}.  It
implements the standard build procedure for Perl packages, which either
consists in running @code{perl Build.PL --prefix=/gnu/store/@dots{}},
followed by @code{Build} and @code{Build install}; or in running
@code{perl Makefile.PL PREFIX=/gnu/store/@dots{}}, followed by
@code{make} and @code{make install}, depending on which of
@code{Build.PL} or @code{Makefile.PL} is present in the package
distribution.  Preference is given to the former if both @code{Build.PL}
and @code{Makefile.PL} exist in the package distribution.  This
preference can be reversed by specifying @code{#t} for the
@code{#:make-maker?} parameter.

The initial @code{perl Makefile.PL} or @code{perl Build.PL} invocation
passes flags specified by the @code{#:make-maker-flags} or
@code{#:module-build-flags} parameter, respectively.

Which Perl package is used can be specified with @code{#:perl}.
@end defvr

@defvr {Scheme Variable} qt-build-system
This variable is exported by @code{(guix build-system qt)}.  It
is intended for use with applications using Qt or KDE.

This build system adds the following two phases to the ones defined by
@code{cmake-build-system}:

@table @code
@item check-setup
The phase @code{check-setup} prepares the environment for running
the checks as commonly used by Qt test programs.
For now this only sets some environment variables:
@code{QT_QPA_PLATFORM=offscreen},
@code{DBUS_FATAL_WARNINGS=0} and
@code{CTEST_OUTPUT_ON_FAILURE=1}.

This phase is added before the @code{check} phase.
It's a separate phase to ease adjusting if necessary.

@item qt-wrap